[3 MIN READ]
In this article:
- A recent study found heavy or toxic metals in every tampon tested, raising concerns about tampon use and safety.
- Heavy metal poisoning can cause serious health issues, including an increased risk of dementia, cancer and liver, kidney and brain damage.
- An OB/GYN at Swedish explains the study’s results and answers common questions to help you understand the potential impact of tampon use on your health.
You probably won’t find heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, copper or lead listed anywhere on a box of tampons. And yet, a recent study found all four – plus a dozen more – in tampons from 14 brands and 18 product lines.
A new study published in Environmental International looked at a variety of tampons listed as top sellers by major retailers. They found “measurable concentrations” of all 16 metals included in the testing and “elevated mean concentrations” of toxic metals, including cadmium, lead and arsenic.
What does this mean for the more than 33 million people in the United States who use tampons? Are tampons safe? We reached out to Victoria Hastings, D.O., an experienced OB/GYN at Swedish OB/GYN Specialists – First Hill, to get answers to these and other common questions about tampon safety.
Recent study shows concerning results in #tampons. Looking for alternatives? Dr. Victoria Hastings, OB/GYN at @ProvSwedish, breaks down the findings and discusses #safety and #health impacts. Learn more on our blog: https://t.co/tCW79qD5Gz #WellnessWednesday #MenstrualHealth pic.twitter.com/tJeKiwdXGE
— Providence Swedish (@ProvSwedish) July 31, 2024
Do the results of this study indicate tampons are a significant health risk?
A: It’s challenging to determine the actual health risks associated with the metal the study found in tampons. It’s not clear to what extent the metals become absorbed in the bloodstream through the vaginal tissue. We do know that vaginal cells are generally fairly absorbent, so it would be reasonable to guess that there is likely some – albeit minimal – systemic exposure. Although the amount of various metals within tampons is detectable, we do not know how or if that exposure affects your health.
How does exposure to toxic metals, such as lead and arsenic, affect your health?
A: Metals like lead are associated with lower brain function and heart, kidney and blood issues. Arsenic is associated with some cancers and is also linked to skin and breathing problems. Because we do not know how much of these metals are actually going into the bloodstream via tampon use, we cannot presume that tampon exposure would necessarily lead to any of these health problems.
The toxic effects of any metal depend on multiple factors, including its concentration, delivery route, frequency and duration of exposure. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration sets standards for workplace exposure to metals like arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. Low levels of exposure at work due to things like breathing or touching metals are generally considered safe. We just don’t have the same set of rules and regulations for tampon products.”
How do heavy metals get in tampons?
A: Tampons can pick up heavy metals in several ways. Raw materials used to make tampons, such as cotton, can become contaminated during production through airborne exposure or water contamination. Some heavy metals may also be additives used as antimicrobial agents released from the tampon when it absorbs liquid. Certain metals, such as calcium and zinc, can also serve as an odor barrier or make tampons easier to insert.
Of note, the study did not find a difference in metal concentrations between tampons with a plastic applicator and those without an applicator or with cardboard applicators.
Does the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulate tampons?
A: The FDA regulates tampons but only specifically requires that they be free of herbicides and pesticides. Though it’s stipulated that companies should provide assurance that chemical residues are not present, there is not much detail available about this process.
Based on this study, are tampons safe to use?
A: Based on the current study, we cannot definitively state that tampons are unsafe. However, the lack of data on the amount of heavy metal absorption and its potential health effects suggests that more research is needed.
Is there anything people can do to limit their health risks when using tampons?
A: While there are some differences between individual products, there isn't one clear "best option" for everyone when it comes to tampon use.
If you are worried about possible metal exposure in tampons, my advice is to limit your frequency and duration of use. For example, suppose you have several days of lighter bleeding. In that case, consider using alternate products and saving tampons for the heavier bleeding days when there is a more significant benefit.
What are some effective alternatives to tampons? Are they safer to use than tampons?
A: There are several alternatives to tampons. Choices include:
- Pads – either reusable or disposable versions
- Period underwear
- Menstrual discs
- Menstrual cups
Menstrual products other than period underwear are classified as medical devices and are therefore FDA-regulated. Menstrual discs and menstrual cups also tend to be made with medical-grade materials. The likelihood of heavy metal contamination in these products is lower.
Learn more and find a physician or advanced practice clinician (APC)
If you have questions about gynecological or obstetrics care, OB/GYN experts at Swedish are here for you. Our team can provide the full spectrum of gynecological care, ranging from routine screenings to reproductive health issues to postmenopausal health to gynecologic cancer.
Whether you require an in-person visit or want to consult a doctor virtually, you have options. Contact Swedish Primary Care to schedule an appointment with a primary care provider. You can also connect virtually with your provider to review your symptoms, provide instruction and follow up as needed. And with Swedish ExpressCare Virtual, you can receive treatment in minutes for common conditions such as colds, flu, urinary tract infections and more. You can use our provider directory to find a specialist or primary care physician near you.
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Related resources
How to prevent and detect gynecological cancers early
Understanding polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Women's Health Spotlight: An expert's take on top health issues women face
This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.
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